Jazykové reálie.
Už sme pokryli menej známe, mŕtve a tajné jazyky ľudských kultúr na kontinente Aporue, v rámci sveta Orbis Furum.
Tentokrát sa pozrieme na niektoré z často veľmi odlišne znejúcich jazykov rôznych druhov zveroľudí v Aporue, a na jazyky a nárečia ich konkrétnych kultúr. Dnes: Jazyky a nárečia rosomľudu.
It's still disputed among emerging professional linguistic scholars (one
of the few people who bother with beastpeople languages or dialects at
all, besides some stalwart beastpeoples themselves), whether the
languages of the different species emerged entirely naturally, or were
more of a byproduct of social and political pressures on beastpeople
species, including pressures caused by fear or bigotry of humans towards
beastpeople species.
The proponents of the "ancient natural origin hypothesis" (or "natural
evolution" hypothesis) tend to reject this suggestion wholesale, or at
least in most cases. In turn, the proponents of the "Archontian
experimentation origin hypothesis" (or "magical evolution hypothesis")
maintain that it is one of the most sensible explanations for the
emergence of distinct and unique beastpeople languages. The latter argue
that the very nature of these languages is a priori, that is,
made from wholecloth, to prevent or at least mitigate the risk of
outsiders finding out about the contents of conversations,
correspondence and various writing.
Note that none of the known Aporuean beastpeople languages use tonality
in their vowels, and only use short and long vowels or vowels with
umlauts. This is likely due to the influence of the human languages they
coexist with.
All of the pronunciations in each of the following sections are approximations of pronunciation in contemporary English.
The native language of the wolverfolk,
also known formally to emerging linguistics researchers as "Gulonic".
This is one of the rare beastpeople languages that are still in common
and wide use among its native speakers, even though the wolverfolk
frequently trade with humans and other beastpeoples and thus also know
and use other languages. Some of the rarer wolverfolk that have moved
abroad tend to speak the Wolvertongue a lot less than in their
traditional homelands in northern Aporue (and thus become more rusty in
remembering it and using it on a daily basis). There are not only the
more typical "core dialects" of Aporue "Gulonic", but also more
peripheral dialects, such as the western dialects influenced by the
languages of the Sablemen, or by the domestic language of humans from
Metsämaa, or the easternmost, overseas dialect, spoken by the smaller
community of wolverfolk on Hrímland (their dialect strongly influenced
by the local language and dialects of human Hrímlandic settlers).
Príklad ľudovej piesne v rosomáčtine
Nokbehréž além
Verhú geur dá-behrál hru ágzi há zírn
Hru kanhrag arév ahm graž súrklu argramin
Agrab há karv hru rahar farín
Veranhú žasro nrek behárl fed-há-nehd, almro
Garhuvo dá-badrag há arhálo há naléro
Navlúr hru Farín, verhú nuremo
Bruke verfraso rahar druné ubru zírni
Geur nibehréž norlúm bru gravafé sirgil
Verhú geur behrál hru ágzi há zírn
Hru kanhrag arév ahm graž súrklu argramin
Dá-tevir gláne halumo rahar rénihogam
Mrár érg surso ménhe gúbru-derkam
Hru mav ver hlémso dá-grahba-zarsvu
Nárar grahba-hnarín verhú
Bruke verfraso rahar druné ubru zírni
Geur nibehréž norlúm bru gravafé sirgil
Zár gú nár mre arksa gah há dérego nárar nádreku
Sagmúv fahrakag érg amgraho resad argéz unra nárar hurdku
Outlander Song
We're from a land of ice and snow
Of the midnight sun where the hot springs boil
Axe and claw of our ancestors
We'll trade with lands near and far, longing
To fight the horde and cry and sing
Hall of Ancestors, we're coming
Forth we sweep our paws through snow
From inland mountain to rugged shore
We're from a land of ice and snow
Of the midnight sun where the hot springs boil
The wind softly fondles our greenfields
They can whisper many blood-tales
Of how we calmed the battle-storm
Your battle-lords we are
Forth we sweep our paws through snow
From inland mountain to rugged shore
So now you had better stop and build your ruins
Because acceptance can win the day despite all your defeats
(Stará ľudová pieseň, tak veru. Ktohovie, aká stará je v skutočnosti...)
Some Wolvertongue (Gulonic) grammar
The "á" (long "a") vowel sounds simply like a longer pronounced "a" and
is identical to the Martish pronunciations of the same phoneme and
letter. The "ú" (long "u") vowel sounds like the "oo" in English "room",
the rarer "í" (long "i") vowel sounds like the "ee" in "deer" or "ea"
in "dream". The "é" (long "e") is analogous to its equivalent in French
or in some west Slavic languages. The "zh" is read like English
transcriptions of Slavic ž, Navajo "zh" or the "j" in French "Jean".
There are certain forms of declension in Wolvertongue, particularly noun
declension. For example, as in the above example of a wolverfolk song,
the noun zírn ("snow") is modified into zírni ("do
something to snow") when its placement in the sentence indicates
something is being done to it (e.g. to walk "through snow" is correctly ubru zírni, not ubru zírn).
One feature of Gulonic that might have been inspired by human languages
is the continued use of patronymic family names instead of conventional
surnames. This has occured not only with Hrímlandic wolverfolk, living
among Hrímlanders who have an identical tradition in their own language,
but also among the core, continental wolverfolk. To compare with real
world examples, Hrímlandic people use the suffix -dautír for patronyms given to the daughter of a family, analogous to real world Icelandic -dóttir,
whereas the wolverfolk (both on the Aporuean mainland and the island of
Hrímland) use the wolvertongue's own (fictional) patronymic suffixes -narf (used for sons of a family) and -núar (used for daughters of a family). Thus, the son of a wolverineman named Harve or Harver will have the masculine patronymic Harvenarf ("son of Harve”) and Harve's or Harver's daughter will have the feminine patronymic Harvenúar ("daughter of Harve”). [1]
Another feature that is inspired by real world human Scandinavian
languages is that after writing an "s" after an "r", the "s" is
pronounced as a palatalized consonant, similar to the situation in
Swedish (surnames like Hjerson in Swedish are actually pronounced
"Hyershon" in English, contrary to expectations). Unlike the real world
Swedish situation, the "s" pronunciaton changes to a more "z"-like
pronunciation, rendering the "s" as a "zh" sound (analogous to the sound
of French "j" in words like jaune, Jean, etc.).
Rýchle zhrnutie slovnej zásoby z ukážok v rosomáčtine (gulončine)
Podstatné mená v rosomáčtine (gulončine)
agrab - vysl. agrab - "sekera"
ágzi - vysl. ágzi - "ľad"
além - vysl. além - "pieseň"
arév - vysl. arév - "slnko", "Slnko"
badrag - vysl. badrag - "horda", hanlivé slovo pre protivníkov a nepriateľov
derkam - vysl. derkam - "povesti", "príbehy", "rozprávania"
druné - vysl. druné - "laby"
farín - pron. farín - "predkovia"
fahrakag - vysl. fa-hra-kag - "acceptance"
grahba - vysl. grahba - "bitka"
gúbru - vysl. gúbru - "krv"
hnar (j. č.), hnarín (m. č.) - vysl. hnar, hnarín - "pán", "páni"
hrag - vysl. hrag - "noc"
hurdku - vysl. hurdku - "porážky", "prehry"
karv - vysl. karv - "pazúr"
nádreku - vysl. nádreku - "ruiny", "zrúcaniny", "rumy", "pozostatky (budov)"
narf - vysl. narf - "son", "male offspring"
navlúr - vysl. navlúr - "sieň", "medovinová/hodovná sieň"
norlúm - vysl. norlúm - "hora"
núar - vysl. núar - "dcéra", "ženský potomok"
rénihog, rénihogam - vysl. rénihog, rénihogam - "zelené pole", "zelená lúka" (j. č.), "zelené polia", "zelené lúky" (m. č.)
resad - vysl. resad - "deň"
sirgil - vysl. sirgil - "breh"
súrklu - vysl. súklu - "pramene"
tevir- - vysl. tevir, tevyr - "vietor"
zarsvu - vysl. zarsvu - "búrka"
zírn - vysl. zírn - "sneh"
Všimnite si, že v rosomáčtine (gulončine) jestvuje určitá miera skloňovania podstatných mien. "Cez sneh" nie je ubru zírn, ale namiesto toho skloňovaný tvar ubru zírni.
Slovesá v rosomáčtine (gulončine)
-hú - vysl. hú - "byť" / "je" / "sú" (pomocná slovesná prípona, používaná namiesto "byť")
-an- - vysl. an - "will (do)" (inserted into existing present tense verbs to create future tense)
almro - vysl. almro - "longing", "having longing feelings"
amgraho - vysl. ar-gra-ho - "vyhrať", "zvíťaziť"
argramin - vysl. ar-gra-min - "they boil" (pasívne sloveso, niečo sa deje nejakej veci)
érg - vysl. érg - "môže", "je schopné"
fraso - vysl. fraso - "to sweep"
garhuvo - vysl. gar-hu-vo - "to fight"
halumo - vysl. halumo - "fondles", "is fondling"
hlémso - vysl. hlém-so - "to calm", "work on calming down"
mre - vysl. mre - "have", "had" (also in the sense of "should")
naléro - vysl. naléro - "spievať"
narhú - vysl. narhú - "(vy) ste" (zámeno nár ("vy") je začlenené do slovesa)
nuremo - vysl. nuremo - "prichádzajúce", "blížiace sa"
surso - vysl. surso - "špekať"
verhú - vysl. verhú - "(my) sme", "sme" (zámeno ver ("my") je začlenené do slovesa)
veranhú - vysl. ver-an-hú - "we will", "we'll" (budúci čas verhú, naznačený prítomnosťou prvku -an-)
verfraso - vysl. ver-fra-so - "we sweep"
Prídavné mená v rosomáčtine (gulončine)
graž - vysl. graž - "horúce", "obarujúce"
gravafé - vysl. gra-va-fé - "rugged"
kanhrag - vysl. kan-hrag - "polnočné", "týkajúce sa polnoci"
nibehréž - vysl. ni-beh-ré-ž - "vnútrozemské"
nokbehréž - vysl. nok-beh-ré-ž - "outlander", "of an outlander", "foreign"
Príslovky v rosomáčtine (gulončine)
argéz - vysl. argéz - "napriek"
bruke - vysl. bruke - "forth", "forward"
gláne - vysl. gláne - "softly"
sagmúv - vysl. sagmúv - "because"
Zámená, predložky, spojky, častice, citoslovcia, atď. v rosomáčtine (gulončine)
ahm - vysl. ahm - "kde"
bru - vysl. bru - "k", "ku"
dá- - predpona pre podstatné mená, používaná na poukázanie na konkrétnu vec, konkrétnu bytosť alebo konkrétnu osobu (v podstate je to určitý člen rosomáčtiny)
geur - vysl. geur - "z", "zo", "od"
gú - vysl. gú - "teraz"
há - vysl. há - "a"
hra - vysl. hra - "of"
mav - vysl. mav - "ako"
ménhe - vysl. ménhe - "mnohé", "mnohí"
nárar - vysl. nárar - "vaše" (možno i tvoje ?)
nrek - vysl. n-rek - "s", "so"
rahar - vysl. rahar - "náš", "naša", "naše"
ubru - vysl. ubru - "cez"
ver - vysl. ver - "my"
zár - vysl. zár - "tak", "takže"
Copyright
(C) 2023 P. Molnár
(C) 2023 Knight-Errant Studios
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